SANƘARAU (Meningitis)
Domin fahimtar wannan larura, sai mun fahimci taswirar malulluɓan (da suka lulluɓe) ƙwaƙwalwa da laka kamar haka:
Ƙwaƙwalwa (da ke cikin ƙoƙon kai) da kuma laka (da ke cikin ƙashin baya) dukkanin su suna lulluɓe ne da malulluɓai guda uku; wani saman wani.
Idan muka fara ta waje; akwai malulluɓi na farko da ake kira 'dura matter', sai na ƙasan sa, wato malulluɓi na biyu da ake kira 'arachnoid matter' sannan na uku, wato na kusa da laka da/ko ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ake kira 'pia matter'.
A tsakanin malulluɓi na biyu da kuma na can ciki, akwai wani ruwa da ake kira 'cerebrospinal fluid'.
Saboda haka, idan aka ce sanƙarau (meningitis) ana nufin kumburin waɗancan malulluɓan na laka da ƙwaƙwalwa; da yake iya faruwa ta dalilin shigar ƙwayoyin cututtuka cikin wancan ruwa na tsakaninsu, samun rauni a laka/haɗari, ciwon daji/sankara da sauran su
A taƙaice, zamu gane ashe sanƙarau tana iya zama iri biyu: wacce ake iya ɗauka (infective meningitis); wato mai faruwa sakamakon kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cutar bairos da kuma bakteriya, sai kuma maras yaɗuwa (non-infective meningitis), wacce ita tana faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da ƙwayoyin frotozuwans, fungai, buguwa/haɗari/rauni a laka ko ƙwaƙwalwa, ciwon daji da sauran su
Sunan larurar a hausance, baya rasa nasaba da rukunin alamomi da masu larurar kan bayyana, wanda sun haɗa da sanƙarewar wuya, hannuwa da ƙafafu; ta yanda sukan maƙale, ba'a iya miƙar da su sai da ƙyar.
Sanƙarau larura ce mai matuƙar haɗarin gaske, tana buƙatar agajin gaggawa; domin kare nakasa ta har abada, kamar kurumta. A zahirin gaskiya, wannan larura koda da agajin na gaggawar, takan hallaka kaso mai yawa na masu ita, sannan waɗanda suka tsallake rijiya da baya, takan barsu da nakasa.
ABUBUWAN DAKE HADDASATA DA KUMA YAƊUWAR TA
Kamar yanda muka ambata a sama, larurar ta kasu gida biyu:
1. Mai yaɗuwa (Infective meningitis): Wannan tana faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da ƙwayoyin bairos (Coxsackievirus A&B, echovirus) ko na bakteriya, mafi shahara (N. meningitidis A/B/C/W135/Y, H. influenzae type b, S. pneumoniae)
2. Maras yaɗuwa (non-infective meningitis): Tana faruwa dalilin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin frotozuwans, fungai, ko rauni a laka, ciwon daji, wasu magungunan da sauran su.
Na'uin sankarau mai yaɗuwa (infective meningitis) yana faruwa ne sakamakon yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutukan da aka ambata a sama daga mutum zuwa mutum ta hanyar:
- tari/atishara
- kaki/majina
- Sumbata (jariri)/ ta yawu
Tana da saurin yaɗuwa, ta yanda mu'amulla da mai larurar ko haɗa gida dashi, na iya yaɗa larurar.
Sanƙarau (meningitis), larura ce da tayi shuhura lokacin zafi, wannan baya rasa nasaba da raunanar 'masaukin farko' na ƙwayoyin cutar (da suka haɗa da baki zuwa maƙogwaro) a lokacin zafin.
ALAMOMIN SANƘARAU
Alamomin sun bambanta, ya danganta da abin da ya haddasa larurar; sukan iya bayyana bayan kwanaki (3 zuwa goma da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cita). A dunkule sun hada da:
* Zazzaɓi
* Amai
* Rashin son haske
* Sanƙarewar wuya ko ƙafafu
* Ciwon kai
* Gudawa
* Wahalar numfashi
* Ƙuraje masu kama da taruwar jini
* Gushewar hankali
* da sauran su
HAƊARIN KAMUWA DA SANƘARAU
Wannan larura, tana iya faruwa a kowa, tun daga kan jarirai har zuwa tsofaffi. Waɗannan abubuwan, suna iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da wannan larurar:
- Raunin garkuwar jiki: dalilin wasu larurorin kamar ƙanjamau, ciwon daji
- Kwana a ɗaki mai cunkoso, maras iska
- Ta'ammali da dabbobi
- Juna biyu
- Yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar
ILLOLIN SANƘARAU
Larurar na iya jawo:
* Gushewar hankali
* Gogewar tunani
* Taɓuwar ƙwaƙwalwa
* Kurumta, makanta
* Ciwon gaɓoɓi
* Taruwar ruwa a ka
* Da sauran su.
SHAWARWARI A TAƘAICE
Yana da kyau mu sani kuma mu sanar da saura: yanayin wannan larurar, haɗarinta da ma yaɗuwar ta, haka zalika hanyoyin kare ta da suka haɗa da:
1. Nisantar cakuɗuwa a ɗaki maras iska, musamman a lokacin zafi
2. Yi ƙoƙarin yin rigakafin wasu daga cikin na'o'inta, da suka hada da Pneumovax 13&23; ko na N. meningitidis A, C, W135& Y
3. Garzayawa asibiti da mai larurar da zarar an zargeta
4. Tabbata dukkanin makusantan mai larurar da masu mu'amulla da shi sun karɓi rigakafi.
Yi hattara da cakuduwa mafi haɗari, kamar sumbata, barkatai; musamman ma ta ƙananun yara/jarirai
5. Kamar ko yaushe, a guji amfani da magunguna ba tare da izini ko shawartar ƙwararru ba.
Allah ya bamu dacewa, aamiiiiin.
©M.A.B.
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