Cutar sikila(SCA) ɗaya ce daga cikin larurori masu jawo ƙarancin jini sakamakon farfashewar ƙwayoyin halittar jini (Hemolytic anemia). Cutar sikila tana da nau'o'i da dama misali: HbSS, HbSD, HbSC; Mafi yawa daga cikinsu shi ne HbSS- wanda yake faruwa sakamakon gadon HbS daga uwa da uba. Haka kuma, wannan nau'in larurar yana samo asali ne daga musanyawar sinadarin 'Valine' da 'Glutamic acid' a gurbi na shida a ɗaya daga cikin ƙawanyar da ke zagaye da maɗaukin iska na ƙwayar halittar jini (wato Heme) da ake kira da 'B-globin'. Wannan shi ne dalilin samun tawayar gaba-ɗayan maɗaukin iskar (haemoglobin).
Faruwar hakan na sanya raunin shingen ƙwayoyin halittar jini daga bisani kuma ya haifar da naƙasu wajen ɗaukar iska, bushewar su kwayoyin halittar jinin, a ƙarshe kuma ya sa su zamto masu danƙo tare da cuɗewa wuri guda, su bayar da siffa mai kama da lauje (sickle ko kuma C shape). Faruwar haka kuwa yana haddasa toshewar ƙananun hanyoyin jini, hana gudanar jini da zagayawar iska. Bugu da ƙari, ana samun saurin mutuwar jajayen ƙwayoyin halittar jini (Red blood cells) a ƙasa (sosai) da kwanakin su na ƙa'ida wato, kwanaki 120.
DALILIN FARUWAR CUTAR SIKILA
Abinda ke haddasa cutar sikila kuwa shi ne gado. Gadon larurar na faruwa ta salo da dama, ya danganta da nau'in cutar. Nau'o'inta sun haɗa da: HbSS, HbSC, HbSB+, HbSBO, HbSD, HbSE, HbSO. Idan muka ɗauki HbSS, wanda shi ne mafi yawa da tsanani, ana iya gadonsa ne idan ya kasance duka iyaye sikila ne wato (ss), ko kuma ɗaya daga cikin su sikila ne(ss) ɗayan kuma mai ɗauke da cutar ne(As), ko kuma dukakan su biyun masu ɗauke da cutar ne wato (As).
Haka zalika mutum yana zama mai ɗauke da cutar wato 'Carrier/Sickle cell trait' idan ya kasance (As), wanda bisa al'ada ba sa nuna alamomin cutar saɓanin masu sikila wato (ss). Wani abin al'ajabi kuma shi ne yawancin masu ɗauke da larurar wato (As) basu kamuwa da cututtuka kamar zazzaɓin cizon sauro (maleriya).
YIWUWAR FARUWARTA
Cutar sikila tana faruwa ne kaɗai idan akwai yiwuwar gadonta daga uwa da uba. Haka zalika ta yi shuhura a yankunan Afrika, Indiya, Amerika (bakaken yankin).
ALAMOMINTA
Alamominta sun kasance bai-ɗaya ga dukkan nau'o'inta. Sai dai yawan faruwa ko tsananin su ya danganta ne da nau'o'in. Alamomin kan bayyana tun daga shekarar farko ta haihuwa. Sun haɗa da:
* Kumburi tare da ciwon hannu da ƙafafuwa sakamakon toshewar ƙananun hanyoyin jini
* Ciwon ƙirji, hannuwa, baya da kafafu
* Yawan kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cututtuka
* Canzawar launin idanu, fata zuwa launin dorawa (Shawara)
* Fitsarin kwance sakamakon tabuwar ƙoda
* Yawan gajiya sakamakon karancin jini
* Yawan kuka (ga yara)
ABUBUWAN DA KE TAYAR DA ITA
- Kamuwa da cututtuka kamar malaria ko mashsshara (Flu)
- Canjawar yanayi
- Gajiya
- Karancin ruwan jiki
- Hawa kan tudu
ILLOLIN CUTAR SIKILA
Kadan daga ciki sun hada da:
1). Matsanancin ƙarancin jini.
2). Ciwon hannu da ƙafafu.
3). Rashin girman yara.
4). Yawan kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cututtuka.
5). Lalacewar idanu tare da makanta.
6). Ciwon ƙirji, zuciya, da sai sauransu.
7). Lalacewar huhu.
8). Tabuwar mazantaka.
SHAWARWARI A TAKAICE
Mu sani cewa hanya ɗaya ce likitancin bature ke iya maganin wannan larura wadda ita ce 'dashen bargo' wacce ke cike da haɗari da rashin tabbas. Saboda haka ɗaukar matakai yana da kyau musamman don rage yaɗuwar larurar.
1). Gwaji don sanin matsayin kai ko ma'aurata
2). Ganin likita don tabbatar da lafiya da kuma ƙoƙarin yin bayani a kan cutar.
3). Nesantar ƙishirwa, hawa kan tudu ga masu cutar.
4). Yin rigakafin cututtuka
5). Bin matakan kare kai daga ƙwayoyin cututtuka, misali:
-wanke hannuwa
-kula da tsaftar abinci da ruwa
-kula da tsaftar jiki da ta muhalli
6). Kare kai daga cizon sauro/malaria.
7). Bin duk wasu ƙa'idoji na ƙwararru:
-kare kai daga sanyi, kura...
8). Shan magunguna bisa izini kuma da shawartar ƙwararru.
#Allah Ya bamu dacewa, Amiin.
©M.A.B.
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